Strategies to Achieve Reading Success.

Target Instruction on the Essential Reading Comprehension Strategies.

STARS OVERVIEW

Using the results of the Comprehensive Assessment of Reading Strategies (CARS) pretests, target instruction with the highly scaffolded, five-part lessons in the Strategies to Achieve Reading Success (STARS) series.

  • Explicit instruction and practice in a carefully structured format fully supports students.

  • Gradual release of responsibility and practice with short pieces of text builds confidence.

  • Multiple definitions and examples of each strategy within each lesson continually reinforce understanding.

  • Easy-to-use, informative Teacher subscription makes every teacher a reading expert.

The STARS series also supports English Learners with prior knowledge activation, explicit instruction, graphic organisers and theme-based instruction.

WHY USE STARS?

The research-based STARS series provides explicit direct instruction in the 12 core reading strategies that underpin CARS. Each lesson targets a specific strategy and is made up of five parts that provide a gradual release of responsibility and serve to spark an increase in student confidence over the course of a lesson.

STARS supports all student learning (including ELL/ESL/EAL-D learners) with prior knowledge activation, explicit instruction, graphic organisers and theme-based instruction. Multiple definitions and examples of each strategy within each lesson continually reinforce understanding. The easy-to-use, informative Teacher Module makes every teacher a reading expert.

Why Use Stars?

STRATEGIES BY READING LEVELS

Level AA

Pre-reading
  • Finding Main Idea
  • Finding Details
  • Putting Things in Order
  • Understanding What Happens and Why
  • Making a Guess
  • Figuring Things Out

Level A

Beginning Reading
  • Finding Main Idea
  • Recalling Facts and Details
  • Understanding Sequence
  • Recognising Cause and Effect
  • Making Predictions
  • Finding Word Meaning in Context
  • Drawing Conclusions and Making Inferences
  • Reading Pictures

Level B - C

Early Reading
  • Finding Main Idea
  • Recalling Facts and Details
  • Understanding Sequence
  • Recognising Cause and Effect
  • Comparing and Contrasting
  • Making Predictions
  • Finding Word Meaning in Context
  • Drawing Conclusions and Making Inferences
  • Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion
  • Identifying Author's Purpose
  • Interpreting Figurative Language
  • Distinguishing Between Real and Make-believe

Level D - H

Main Strategies
  • Finding Main Idea
  • Recalling Facts and Details
  • Understanding Sequence
  • Recognising Cause and Effect
  • Comparing and Contrasting
  • Making Predictions
  • Finding Word Meaning in Context
  • Drawing Conclusions and Making Inferences
  • Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion
  • Identifying Author's Purpose
  • Interpreting Figurative Language
  • Summarising

THE FIVE-PART LESSON

STARS lessons are broken into 5 carefully structured lesson parts, providing a gradual release of responsibility and increase in student confidence. The Teacher subscription includes an additional “Introduction” at the beginning, providing even more information for teachers to set up the lesson.

Introduction:

Target Instruction on the Essential Reading Comprehension Strategies

Lesson Objectives
  • Presents two strategy-related goals for students to achieve as they complete the lesson.
Getting Started
  • Introduces the strategy to students and models how good readers use the strategy when reading.
  • A familiar context builds students’ confidence for interacting with the strategy.

ELL Support

Targets a language concept for which students may need reinforcement.

The language concept is briefly defined. The teacher then guides students through examples and tells them where they will encounter the concept in the upcoming lesson.

Language concepts in the series include:

  • Compound words
  • Possessives
  • Pronouns
  • Multiple-meaning words
  • Proper nouns
  • Regular and irregular past tense
  • Verbs
  • Homophones
  • Comparatives and superlatives
Genre Focus

Previews key characteristics of a specific genre. Understanding a genre can aid students’ comprehension of a reading passage.

Genres in the series include:

  • Journal entry
  • Folktale
  • Fable
  • Friendly letter
  • Short fiction
  • Nonfiction
  • Poem
  • Tall tale

In STARS Levels A and B, the term story is applied to reading passages that are both fiction and non-fiction because this is how these writing forms are often identified for emerging readers, primarily on standardised tests. If you choose, you may distinguish between these two genres with your students.

Part 1:

Modelled Instruction

Student Subscription

Part 1 is teacher-led: After prompting students to tap into their prior knowledge, the teacher uses step-by-step examples to model how to use the strategy, with the support of a strategy-based graphic organiser.

Introduction: Describes the strategy. Open-ended questions prompt students to explore what they already know about the strategy from their daily lives.

Work with a Partner: Gives student partners the opportunity to discuss ways to use the strategy.

Reading Passage: Provides the opportunity for students to work with the strategy in the context of real-world reading.

Steps: Guides students through completing the strategy-based graphic organiser.

Graphic Organiser: Visually depicts how to apply the strategy.

Teacher Subscription

At a Glance: Provides a brief overview of what students do in each lesson part.

Step by Step: Provides an explicit walk-through of the steps for guiding students through each lesson part.

Tip: Provides additional information for the teacher to assist student partners as they discuss the strategy in the Work with a Partner activity.

Tip: Provides additional information for the teacher to assist students as they apply the strategy.

Part 2:

Guided Instruction

Student Subscription

Part 2 is initially teacher-lead and then teacher supported: The teacher guides students through using the strategy in context and identifying text evidence. The teacher then provides guidance, as needed, as students read a passage and answer questions on their own.

What to Know: Introduces and highlights key features of the strategy.

Directions: Tells students the topic of the reading passage and provides a purpose for reading.

Reading Passage: Design and typeface of each passage highlight specific genres and showcases the range of content areas.

Steps: Walks students through a guided application of the strategy.

Reading Passage and Comprehension Questions: Provides students with the opportunity to try out the strategy on their own, with appropriate teacher guidance. Students apply what they have learned to answer selected-response (multiple-choice) questions.

Work with a Partner: Provides the opportunity for student partners to discuss how they arrived at their answers, before the answers are discussed as a class.

Teacher Subscription

Interaction with Text: Offers a way to have students mark key information in the text to support their understanding of the strategy.

Accountable Discussion: Enhances students’ understanding of newly learned concepts through group conversation.

Tips: Provides additional information for the teacher to assist students as they use the strategy to answer the selected-response questions. The tips may give information about the questions themselves or may direct students to find key information in the passage.

Part 3:

Modelled Practice

Student Subscription

Part 3 is teacher supported, with text-based modelling: The teacher and students review key concepts of the strategy. Then students read a passage and answer questions similar to those they might see on a test. Teacher and students discuss together how to answer the questions correctly.

Review: Provides a review of key features of the strategy for students’ reference.

Reading Passage and Comprehension Questions: Enables students to apply what they have learned so far to answer strategy-related selected-response questions.

Answer Analysis:Models how to find the correct answers to the comprehension questions. Tells why the correct answers are correct and why the other answers are not correct.

Teacher Subscription

Tip: Provides additional information about one of the comprehension questions and can be used to guide class discussion.

Teacher's Corner: Provides the teacher with additional information about the reading strategy. These professional-development tips expand aspects of the strategy presented in the student module.

Part 4:

Guided Practice

Student Subscription

Part 4 is independent work, with teacher support as needed: The teacher introduces additional information about the strategy. Then students independently read two passages and answer questions similar to those they might see on tests. The teacher provides guidance as needed while students support their answers with text evidence.

More to Know: Reviews key concepts and provides additional information that can help students apply the strategy when reading.

Reading Passages and Comprehension Questions: Enable students to apply what they have learned so far. The comprehension questions are similar to those that students will encounter on tests.

Teacher Subscription

Tip: Elicits identification of strategy-based evidence in the passage (such as words, phrases or sentences) that students should have used to answer each of the questions.

Reteaching: Reinforces and deepens students’ learning by using a graphic organiser to visually depict and verify the correct answer to one of the strategy-based questions.

Part 5:

Independent Practice

Student Subscription

Part 5 is independent work: Scaffolding is removed. Students independently read two passages and answer questions similar to those they might see on tests. The teacher and students discuss the answers as a class.

Test Tips: Provide test-taking strategies by alerting students to specific language and other clues in text questions that indicate which strategy students should apply to answer the questions successfully.

Reading Passages and Comprehension Questions: Enable students to independently apply what they have learned. The comprehension questions are similar to those that students will encounter on tests.

Teacher Subscription

Connecting with Literature: Invites students to apply the strategy to authentic literature.

THE PERFECT FIT FOR YOUR CLASSROOM

 
The Stars Student Module

The STARS Student MODULE

Using the results of CARS pretests, target instruction on the essential reading comprehension strategies with the highly-scaffolded, five-part lessons in STARS. Benefits include:

  • The program offers explicit instruction and practice in a carefully structured format that fully supports students.

  • Gradual release of responsibility and practice with a short piece of text builds students’ confidence.

  • Multiple definitions and examples of each strategy within each lesson continually reinforce understanding.

  • Strategy reviews after every 3 lessons (Every two in levels P–A)

  • A multi-passage final review

5-part lessons for each strategy

  • P and AA have 6

  • A has 8

  • B–H have 12

Strategy reviews after every 3 lessons

  • Review in levels P–A are after every 2 lessons

A multi-passage final review

 

The STARS Teacher MODULE

Utilise step-by-step instruction on how to guide students through lessons.

Support all students with helpful features such as:

  • Prior knowledge activation

  • Explicit instruction

  • Graphic organisers

  • Theme-based instruction

  • Lesson objectives

  • Introducing the strategy

  • ELL support

  • Genre focus

  • Tips

  • Connection to Literature to apply strategies to authentic literature

  • Re-teaching box to reinforce student learning

  • Teacher's corner

The Stars Teacher Module

STARS RESEARCH

The STARS series is founded on research-based strategies and features that are designed to support students as they learn how to read for meaning. Many of the strategies and features are supported by the US National Reading Panel (NICHD, 2000). The STARS series focuses on students' mastery of core reading strategies so that students can connect to and understand what they are reading. Each lesson focuses on one reading strategy. Cumulative review lessons and a final review lesson test ensure retention of the new strategies. These review lessons provide important feedback to the teacher before moving students to the next instructional lesson.

CARS & STARS Online and the Victorian Curriculum
by Hawker Brownlow Digital

CARS & STARS Online and the National Literacy Learning Progression
by Hawker Brownlow Digital

Implementing the STARS Program to Improve Reading Comprehension
by Nathan Fischer

STARS Supporting Research
by Hawker Brownlow Education

CARS & STARS Strategies and Correlations to the Australian National Curriculum
by Hawker Brownlow Education

A Study for the Instructional Effectiveness of CARS & STARS
by Educational Research Institute of America

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WHAT PRINCIPALS, TEACHERS AND PARENTS ARE SAYING

This differentiated program allows students to read texts which are at a level suitable for their current ability and leads to students being more engaged in reading lessons. As a result, they can experience success and improve their reading and comprehension abilities. CARS & STARS Online is an important part of the English program and we are seeing fantastic improvement across all years in students' reading and comprehension abilities.

Linda Samardali
Head of Department from Kinross College

I've found CARS & STARS Online has really helped in improving my children's reading skills. The skills were all clearly presented with a lot of samples and practice opportunities. The student report also gives the parents a clear guide as to which areas need reinforcement and which areas each child is strong in.

Shannon Zhao
Parent from Sydney

I have found CARS & STARS Online very beneficial, especially during our time teaching and learning remotely. The ability to track live what the students are doing was helpful to ensure that they were remaining on task and to provide feedback.

Brent Ritchie
Teacher from Haileybury

Now that I understand how to use the online program and utilise the tools correctly, I am enjoying using CARS & STARS Online. The ability to locate and download the different reports is phenomenal!

Amber Rains
Teacher from Kambala

I am a bit of a technophobe but using CARS & STARS Online has certainly made life easier and the kids have found it easy to navigate.

Jo Oram
Teacher from Prescott College Southern

CARS & STARS Online has become a very useful tool for my staff to implement effective teaching and learning programs. Having a tool that gives timely assessment results, meets students at their level of need and allows them to see exactly what students are working on in real-time is time effective and impacts on future goals.

The detailed assessment data generated by CARS & STARS Online informs the specific direction of their reading and comprehension teaching. Students report they enjoy the tasks and feel a real sense of accomplishment as they work through the lessons and assessments at their own pace.

Craig Brown
Principal from Toongabbie Public School

REFER YOUR SCHOOL TO CARS & STARS ONLINE

Do you like what you’ve seen and want to share it with your teachers and principals? Use the Refer Now button to send them an information pack containing the benefits of CARS & STARS Online (which include Australian Curriculum 9.0 teaching resources), supporting research, professional development information, pricing and available plans with just one click.